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这种水果已至印度数十名儿童病发身亡 你吃了吗?

原标题:这种水果已至印度数十名儿童病发而丧生,你今年吃了吗?

每年六七月份,是荔枝成熟大量上市的季节。

不过,已有数十名印度儿童在过去三周内,因食用荔枝引发脑炎而身亡。

当地时间周四,印度北部比哈尔邦(Bihar)的卫生部门表示,有50名左右的儿童死于急性脑炎症候群(acute encephalitis syndrome)。

一名儿童因急性脑炎症候群被送至穆扎法普尔市的一家医院(图 via AFP)

一名儿童因急性脑炎症候群被送至穆扎法普尔市的一家医院(图 via AFP)

自今年1月以来,在盛产荔枝的比哈尔邦穆扎法普尔市(Muzaffarpur),两家医院共登记了179例儿童急性脑炎病例,死亡事件发生在最近几周。

The state government is yet to confirm the cause of the outbreak but is attributing most of the deaths to hypoglycaemia- low blood sugar level。

该邦政府还没有确认此次疫情的起因,但将大部分死亡归因于低血糖。

But doctors said that more than 150 children under the age of 10 had been admitted with symptoms of acute encephalitis syndrome(AES) since 1 June, and that of these 43 had died。 They said hypoglycaemia is one of the features of AES。

但医生表示,自6月1日以来,已有150多名10岁以下儿童出现急性脑炎症候群症状,其中43人死亡。他们说低血糖是急性脑炎症候群的特征之一。

▲India: 43 children dead in brain disease outbreak‘linked to lychee fruit toxin’(via The Independent)

在2014年的一项研究中,美国研究人员发现,急性脑炎症候群可能与荔枝中的一种毒素有关。

Outbreaks of AES have occurred each year in Muzaffarpur since 1995, and typically coincide with the lychee harvest season。 The disease claimed a record 150 lives in 2014。

自1995年以来,穆扎法普尔市每年都会爆发急性脑炎症候群,而且通常与荔枝的收获季节一致。2014年,该疾病夺走了150条生命,创历史新高。

A similar association between the lychee harvest and outbreaks of AES has also been observed in other regions of Asia, including in the Bac Giang province in northernVietnam。

在亚洲其他地区,包括越南北部的北江省,也发现了荔枝收获季与急性脑炎爆发之间的类似关联。

May and June are also the hottest months of the dry summer inIndia, and senior health official Ashok Kumar Singh said parents should take preventative measures to protect their children。

5月和6月也是印度干燥的夏季中最热的两个月,高级卫生官员Ashok Kumar Singh说,父母应该采取预防措施保护孩子。

▲India: 43 children dead in brain disease outbreak‘linked to lychee fruit toxin’(via The Independent)

(图 viaCNN)

(图 viaCNN)

2017年发表在《柳叶刀全球健康》(Lancet Global Health)医学期刊上的一项关于2014年脑炎爆发的研究显示,其中一个因素可能是食用荔枝。

The study found that parents reported that children in affected villages spent most of the day eating lychees from nearby orchards, often returning home in the evening“uninterested in eating a meal。” Children who fell ill were twice as likely to have skipped dinner, which, according to the researchers, probably resulted in“night-time hypoglycaemia。”

研究发现,家长们报告说,受(疾病)影响的村庄的孩子们白天大部分时间都在吃附近果园里的荔枝,晚上回家时常常“对吃饭不感兴趣”。患病儿童不吃晚餐的可能性是正常儿童的两倍,研究人员称,这可能导致“夜间低血糖”。

The Lancet study said that when the children‘s blood sugar level dropped, the body would start to metabolize fatty acids to produce a boost of glucose。

《柳叶刀》杂志刊登的研究称,当儿童的血糖水平下降时,身体就会开始代谢脂肪酸,产生葡萄糖。

However, urine samples found that two-thirds of the ill children showed evidence of exposure to toxins in lychee seeds, found in higher levels in unripe fruits。 In the presence of these toxins,“glucose synthesis is severely impaired,” the study said, leading to dangerously low blood sugar and brain inflammation。

然而,尿液样本发现,有证据表明,三分之二的患病儿童接触了荔枝种子中的毒素,而未成熟的果实中毒素含量更高。研究称,在这些毒素的存在下,“葡萄糖合成严重受损”,导致危险的低血糖和脑炎。

SanjayKumar said that the affected children“are from poor families, and they do not have sugar reserves, and they are also malnourished。”

(比哈尔邦高级卫生官员)Kumar说,受影响的儿童“来自贫困家庭,他们没有糖储备,而且营养不良。”

“The liver stores glycogen。 When the sugar level goes down, the liver releases extra sugar to balance it out, but if there is no extra sugar and there are only toxins, then they get released,” he said。

“肝脏储存糖原。当糖的水平下降时,肝脏会释放额外的糖来平衡,但是如果没有额外的糖,只有毒素,那么它们就会被释放出来。”

▲Brain disease linked to lychee toxins kills 47 children in India(via CNN)

(图 viaGetty Images)

(图 viaGetty Images)

此外,2014年刊登在《当代科学》(Current Science)期刊上的研究发现,未成熟的猕猴桃和荔枝都含有一种名为MCPA的有毒物质,在动物实验中已被证明可导致脑部疾病和低血糖。

The researchers said they did not know whether the toxin was present only in lychee seeds or in the flesh of the fruit, and whether ripe or unripe fruit were more likely to be harmful。

研究人员表示,他们不知道这种毒素只存在于荔枝种子中,还是也存在于果肉中。他们也不清楚是成熟的果实更有害,还是未成熟的。

Either way, they noted that“well-nourished children are not affected” because their bodies could maintain normal glucose levels in spite of the toxin。 The authors recommended further study and“ensuring adequate nutritional status in young children”。

无论如何,他们指出,“营养良好的儿童不受影响”,因为,尽管有毒素,他们的身体仍可以保持正常的葡萄糖水平。作者们建议作进一步研究,并“确保幼儿的充足营养”。

▲India: 43 children dead in brain disease outbreak‘linked to lychee fruit toxin’(via The Independent)

(图 via Jaipal Singh/EPA)

(图 via Jaipal Singh/EPA)

责任编辑:张申

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